Method for encoding and decoding images according to distinct zones, encoding and decoding device, and corresponding computer programs

ABSTRACT

A method and device for encoding an image divided into blocks. The image contains two separate zones. The method implements the following: only in the event where the current block pertains to one of the zones of the image: encoding the current block using a prediction, the current block being predicted using a previously encoded and then decoded block located in the other zone of the image, the blocks of the other zone having been previously encoded and then decoded, and encoding information indicating the application of the prediction; and for any decoded block pertaining to the other zone of the image, storing the decoded block data.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.16/628,470, filed Jan. 3, 2020, which is a Section 371 National StageApplication of International Application No. PCT/FR2018/051580, filedJun. 28, 2018, published as WO 2019/008254 A1 on Jan. 10, 2019, not inEnglish, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in theirentireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention pertains generally to the field of imageprocessing, and more precisely to the coding and to the decoding ofparameters of digital images, whether these digital images are fixed orform part of a sequence of digital images.

The coding/decoding of such image parameters applies notably to imagesarising from at least one video sequence comprising:

-   -   images arising from one and the same camera and following one        another temporally (coding/decoding of 2D type),    -   images arising from various cameras oriented according to        different views (coding/decoding of 3D type),    -   corresponding texture components and depth components        (coding/decoding of 3D type),    -   images obtained by projection of a 360° video,    -   etc. . . . .

The present invention applies in a similar manner to the coding/decodingof parameters of images of 2D or 3D type.

The invention can notably, but not exclusively, apply to the videocoding implemented in the current AVC (English abbreviation of “AdvancedVideo Coding”) and HEVC (English abbreviation of “High Efficiency VideoCoding”) video coders and their extensions (MVC, 3D-AVC, MV-HEVC,3D-HEVC, etc), and to the corresponding decoding.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The current video coders (MPEG, H.264, HEVC, . . . ) use a block-wiserepresentation of the video sequence. The images are split up intoblocks, which might be split up again, for example in a recursive manneras in the HEVC standard.

For a current block to be coded, the image parameters associated withthis block are coded in the form of bits with the aid of an adaptedcoding scheme implemented by a coder, such as for example an entropycoder whose aim is to code these parameters without loss.

Such parameters are for example:

-   -   the residual prediction coefficients of the pixels of the        current block,    -   the mode of prediction of the current block (Intra prediction,        Inter prediction, default prediction carrying out a prediction        for which no information is transmitted to the decoder (“in        English “skip”)),    -   information specifying the type of prediction of the current        block (orientation, reference image, . . . ),    -   the type of splitting of the current block,    -   the motion information of the current block if necessary,    -   etc.

The bits obtained after entropy coding are written into a data signalwhich is intended to be transmitted to the decoder.

Once the coded-data signal has been received by the decoder, thedecoding is done image by image, and for each image, block by block. Foreach block, the bits representative of the image parameters associatedwith the block are read, and then decoded with the aid of a decodingscheme implemented by a decoder.

For each image type or format considered, a specific coding isimplemented. Thus for example, the AVC and HEVC coders/decoders areadapted to code/decode 2D images arising from one and the same cameraand following one another temporally.

A coding of the aforementioned type generally uses, for a current imageconsidered, a prediction of the current block.

Various prediction modes exist, such as for example:

-   -   the Intra prediction mode which consists in predicting the        pixels of the current block with respect to pixels neighboring        those of the current block, these neighboring pixels having        already been coded and then decoded and possibly being situated        in various predetermined directions, for example thirty-five in        the HEVC standard,    -   the Inter prediction mode which consists in predicting certain        coding information associated with the current block, such as        for example:        -   the temporal motion vector of the current block with respect            to a temporal motion vector associated with a block of            reference pixels,        -   the pixels of the current block with respect to the pixels            of a block of reference pixels which is pointed at by the            temporal motion vector and is situated in an image other            than the current image to which the current block belongs.    -   the “Intra Block Copy” (IBC) prediction mode, such as described        in the document: SIP(2015), vol. 4, page 1 to 12, 2015,        Industrial technology advances, “Overview of HEVC extensions on        screen content coding” by Shan Liu, Xiaozhong Xu, Shawmin Lei        and Kevin Jou, which makes it possible to predict the current        block through a block belonging to the same image, in a        previously coded and decoded part of the latter.

These prediction modes are set into competition and the prediction modewhich optimizes a coding performance criterion, such as for example thebitrate-distortion criterion, is selected for the prediction of eachblock of the current image.

A drawback of the aforementioned predictive coding is that theavailability of the IBC prediction mode both at the encoder and at thedecoder increases the calculational resources. Moreover, at the encoder,it is necessary to code a syntax element specific to the IBC predictionmode and to write it into the signal to be transmitted to the decoder,thereby increasing the signaling cost. Finally, the IBC prediction modeinvolves the storage of all the image data at the encoder and at thedecoder, so as to provide to be used for the coding and the decoding ofthe current block.

The invention is therefore aimed at a coder/decoder which proposes toapply at a current instant two different prediction modes to a currentimage arising from a video content of a given type or format, whilemaking it possible to optimize:

-   -   the coding/decoding performance for the current image,    -   the complexity of the coding/decoding of the current image,    -   the reduction in the memory resources at the encoder and at the        decoder.

SUBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One of the aims of the invention is to remedy drawbacks of theaforementioned prior art.

To this effect, a subject of the present invention relates to a methodfor coding an image split up into blocks, said image containing twodistinct zones.

Such a coding method is noteworthy in that it implements the following:

-   -   solely in the case where the current block belongs to one of the        zones of the image:        -   code the current block with the aid of a prediction, the            current block being predicted by using a previously coded            and then decoded block situated in the other zone of the            image, the blocks of the other zone having been previously            coded and then decoded,        -   code an item of information which indicates the application            of the prediction used,    -   for any decoded block which belongs to the other zone of the        image, store the decoded-block data.

Such a provision makes it possible to reduce the complexity of thecoding since a particular prediction mode is not used for the other zoneof the image and will not therefore be set into competition with respectto other prediction modes during the coding of a block situated in theother zone.

Such a provision makes it possible furthermore to reduce the costs ofstorage of the coding data, since the data of the coded and then decodedblocks of the image are stored only for one of the two zones of theimage.

According to a particular embodiment, the coding method comprises thecoding of at least one item of location information in respect of thepreviously coded and then decoded block. Such an item of locationinformation can be a motion vector or a set of coordinates.

Said item of location information thus coded is transmitted to thedecoder, thereby allowing to it, during the decoding of a current blockbelonging to one of the zones of the current image, to locate thedecoded block situated in the other zone of the current image.

According to a particular embodiment, the coding of an item ofidentification information in respect of each of the two zones of theimage is implemented.

Such a provision makes it possible to transmit to the decoder theposition of each of the zones with respect to one another.

Correlatively, the invention relates to a device for coding an imagesplit up into blocks, said image containing two distinct zones,comprising a processing circuit which is designed to:

-   -   solely in the case where the current block belongs to one of the        zones of the image:        -   code the current block with the aid of a prediction, the            current block being predicted by using a previously coded            and then decoded block situated in the other zone of the            image, the blocks of the other zone having been previously            coded and then decoded,        -   code an item of information which indicates the application            of the prediction used,    -   for any decoded block which belongs to the other zone of the        image, store the decoded-block data.

In a corresponding manner, the invention also relates to a method fordecoding a data signal representative of an image split up into blockswhich has been coded, said at least one image containing two distinctzones.

Such a decoding method is noteworthy in that it implements thefollowing:

-   -   solely in the case where the current block belongs to one of the        zones of the image:        -   read in the data signal an item of information which            indicates the decoding of the current block with the aid of            a prediction, the current block being intended to be            predicted by using a previously decoded block, situated in            the other zone of the image, the blocks of said other zone            having been previously decoded,        -   decode the current block by using said prediction,    -   for any decoded block which belongs to the other of said zones        of the image, store the decoded-block data.

According to a particular embodiment, the decoding method comprises thereading, in the data signal, of at least one item of locationinformation in respect of the previously coded and then decoded block.

According to a particular embodiment, each of the zones of the image isidentified by reading a corresponding item of identification informationread in the data signal.

Correlatively, the invention relates to a device for decoding a datasignal representative of an image split up into blocks which has beencoded, said image containing two distinct zones, comprising a processingcircuit which is designed to:

-   -   solely in the case where the current block belongs to one of the        zones of the image:        -   read in the data signal an item of information which            indicates the decoding of the current block with the aid of            a prediction, the current block being intended to be            predicted by using a previously decoded block, situated in            the other zone of the image, the blocks of said other zone            having been previously decoded,        -   decode the current block by using said prediction,    -   for any decoded block which belongs to the other of said zones        of the image, store the decoded-block data.

The invention further relates to a computer program comprisinginstructions for implementing one of the coding and decoding methodsaccording to the invention, when it is executed on a computer.

Such a program can use any programming language, and be in the form ofsource code, object code, or of code intermediate between source codeand object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in any otherdesirable form.

Yet another subject of the invention also envisages a recording mediumreadable by a computer, and comprising computer program instructions,such as mentioned hereinabove.

The recording medium can be any entity or device capable of storing theprogram. For example, the medium can comprise a storage means, such as aROM, for example a CD ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or else amagnetic recording means, a digital recording means, for example a USBkey or a hard disk.

Moreover, such a recording medium can be a transmissible medium such asan electrical or optical signal, which can be conveyed via an electricalor optical cable, by radio or by other means. The program according tothe invention can in particular be downloaded over a network of Internettype.

Alternatively, such a recording medium can be an integrated circuit inwhich the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to executethe method in question or to be used in the execution of the latter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other characteristics and advantages will become apparent on readingpreferred embodiments described with reference to the figures in which:

FIG. 1 represents the progress of the coding method according to a firstembodiment of the invention,

FIG. 2 represents a coding device according to an embodiment of theinvention,

FIGS. 3A to 3C each represent examples of distinct zones in the currentimage,

FIG. 4 represents the progress of the decoding method according to anembodiment of the invention,

FIG. 5 represents a decoding device according to an embodiment of theinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS Detailed Description ofthe Coding Part

An embodiment of the invention will now be described, in which thecoding method according to the invention is used to code an image or asequence of images according to a binary stream close to that obtainedby a coding implemented in a coder complying with any one of the currentor forthcoming video coding standards.

In this embodiment, the coding method according to the invention is forexample implemented in a software or hardware manner by modifications ofsuch a coder. The coding method according to the first embodiment of theinvention is represented in the form of an algorithm comprisingoperations C1 to C100 a) or C1 to C101 b) such as are represented inFIG. 1.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the coding methodaccording to the invention is implemented in a coding device or coder COrepresented in FIG. 2.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the coder CO comprises a memory MEM_Ccomprising a buffer memory MT_C, a processor PROC_C driven by a computerprogram PG_C which implements the coding method according to theinvention. On initialization, the code instructions of the computerprogram PG_C are for example loaded into a RAM memory, denoted MR_C,before being executed by the processor PROC_C.

The coding method represented in FIG. 1 applies to any current imageIC_(j) which is fixed or else which forms part of a sequence of L imagesIC₁, . . . , IC_(j), . . . , IC_(L) (1≤j≤L) to be coded.

The current image IC_(j) arises from at least one video sequencecomprising, by way of non-exhaustive examples:

-   -   images arising from one and the same camera and following one        another temporally (coding/decoding of 2D type),    -   images arising from various cameras oriented according to        different views (coding/decoding of 3D type),    -   corresponding texture components and depth components, that is        to say which are representative of one and the same scene        (coding/decoding of 3D type),    -   images obtained by projection of a 360° video,    -   images obtained by projection of a stereo video and each        comprising two views representative of one and the same scene,        which are intended to be looked at by the left eye and the right        eye of the user, respectively,    -   non-natural images of the “screen Content” type, such as for        example images obtained by screen video capture,    -   etc. . . . .

With reference to FIG. 1, there is undertaken at C1, in a manner knownper se, the splitting of a current image IC_(j) into a plurality ofblocks B₁, B₂, . . . , B_(u), . . . , B_(S) (1≤u≤S). The partitioning isimplemented by a partitioning device MP_C represented in FIG. 2, whichdevice is driven by the processor PROC_C.

It should be noted that within the meaning of the invention, the term“block” signifies coding unit. The latter terminology is used notably inthe HEVC standard “ISO/IEC/23008-2 Recommendation ITU-T H.265 HighEfficiency Video Coding (HEVC)”.

In particular, such a coding unit groups together sets of pixels ofrectangular or square shape, also called blocks, macroblocks, or elsesets of pixels exhibiting other geometric shapes.

Said blocks B₁, B₂, . . . , B_(u), . . . , B_(S) are intended to becoded according to a predetermined order of traversal, which is forexample of the lexicographic type. This signifies that the blocks arecoded one after the other, from left to right.

Other types of traversal are of course possible. Thus, it is possible tosplit the image IC_(j) into several sub-images called slices and toapply a splitting of this type independently to each sub-image. It isalso possible to code not a succession of lines, as explainedhereinabove, but a succession of columns. It is also possible totraverse the lines or columns in either direction.

According to an example, the blocks B₁, B₂, . . . , B_(u), . . . , B_(S)have a square shape and all contain K pixels, with K≥1. By way ofnon-exhaustive example, the blocks have a size of 64×64 pixels and/or32×32 and/or 16×16 and/or 8×8 pixels.

As a function of the size of the image which is not necessarily amultiple of the size of the blocks, the last blocks on the left and thelast blocks at the bottom might not be square. In an alternativeembodiment, the blocks may be for example of rectangular size and/or notaligned with one another.

At C2, there is undertaken the coding of a first syntax elementactivate_ibc which is associated with a characteristic of the currentimage IC_(j).

The syntax element activate_ibc is a high-level syntax element of avideo sequence comprising the current image IC_(j). To this effect, as afunction of the coding context, this element can be coded:

-   -   at the start of the coding of each image of the video sequence,    -   or just once at the start of the coding of a sequence of images,    -   or just once at the start of the coding of the video sequence.

The syntax element activate_ibc is intended to indicate whether, for thecurrent block to be coded, a prediction mode of the “Intra Block Copy”type mentioned above in the description, according to which the currentblock, situated in a first zone of the current image, is predicted withrespect to a previously coded and then decoded block situated in asecond zone of the current image, the blocks of the second zone havingbeen previously coded and then decoded, is set into competition withother predetermined prediction modes. According to the invention, thefirst and second zones are distinct, in the sense that they do notoverlap.

The coding C2 is for example an entropy coding of CABAC (“ContextAdaptive Binary Arithmetic Coder”) type or else an entropy coding ofarithmetic or Huffman type. This coding is implemented by a codingdevice MC_C represented in FIG. 2, which device is driven by theprocessor PROC_C.

According to a preferred embodiment, the syntax element activate_ibctakes the value 0 if the prediction mode of the “Intra Block Copy” typeis not set into competition and the value 1 if the prediction mode ofthe “Intra Block Copy” type is set into competition.

According to a first embodiment represented in FIG. 3A, a current imageIC_(j) comprises a first zone Z1 which extends over the bottom half ofthe image and a second zone Z2 which extends over the top half of theimage.

According to a second embodiment represented in FIG. 3B, a current imageIC_(j) comprises a first zone Z1 which extends over the right half ofthe image and a second zone Z2 which extends over the left half of theimage.

According to a third embodiment represented in FIG. 3C, a current imageIC_(j) comprises a first zone Z1 which extends over the bottom leftquarter of the image and a second zone Z2 which extends over the topleft quarter of the image.

Other configurations are of course possible. For example, the zones Z1and Z2 may be swapped. Furthermore the zones Z1 and Z2 may or may nothave the same shape.

Optionally, as represented dashed in FIG. 1, there is undertaken, at C3,the coding of a second syntax element fp_type which is associated withanother characteristic of the current image IC_(j).

The syntax element fp_type is also a high-level syntax element of avideo sequence comprising the current image IC_(j). To this effect, as afunction of the coding context, this element can be coded:

-   -   at the start of the coding of each image of the video sequence,    -   or just once at the start of the coding of a sequence of images,    -   or just once at the start of the coding of the video sequence.

The syntax element fp_type is intended to indicate if the current imageis composed of several views captured at the same temporal instant andarranged in the current image so as to form a single view (rectangle ofpixels). A method for composing such an image uses for example thetechnique called “Frame Packing” (FP).

The coding C3 is for example an entropy coding of CABAC type or else anentropy coding of arithmetic or Huffman type. This coding is implementedby the coding device MC_C of FIG. 2.

According to a preferred embodiment, the syntax element fp_type takesfor example:

-   -   the value 01 to indicate that the zones Z1 and Z2 are arranged        as represented in FIG. 3A,    -   the value 10 to indicate that the zones Z1 and Z2 are arranged        as represented in FIG. 3B,    -   the value 11 to indicate that the zones Z1 and Z2 are arranged        as represented in FIG. 3C.

With reference to FIG. 1, the coder CO of FIG. 2 selects at C4 a currentblock to be coded B_(u) of the image IC_(j).

At C5, there is undertaken the location of the current block B_(u) ofthe image IC_(j) for example by determining its coordinates with respectto the first pixel situated at the top left of the image IC_(j), andwhich has coordinates (0,0).

The location C5 is implemented by a calculation device CAL1_C such asrepresented in FIG. 2, which device is driven by the processor PROC_C.

If the current block B_(u) belongs to the first zone Z1 of the imageIC_(j) and if the first syntax element activate_ibc has the value 1,there is undertaken at C6 a) the prediction of the current block B_(u)by the prediction technique of the “Intra Block Copy” type, as well asby conventional, for example Intra and/or Inter, prediction techniques.To this effect, the block B_(u) is predicted with respect to at leastone predictor block in accordance with a mode of prediction belonging toone of the prediction techniques which have just been mentioned. In thecourse of the prediction C6 a), at least one item of locationinformation in respect of the predictor block is determined. Such anitem of information is for example, a motion vector which points at thepredictor block, the coordinates of the first pixel at the top left ofthe predictor block, etc. . . . .

In a manner known per se, the current block B_(u) is predicted withrespect to a plurality of candidate predictor blocks. Each of thecandidate predictor blocks is a block of pixels which has been alreadycoded and then decoded.

Thus, in the case of the intra prediction technique, the current blockB_(u) is predicted by interpolation on the basis of values of decodedpixels of candidate predictor blocks which are situated immediately tothe left of or above the current block.

In the case of the inter prediction technique, the current block B_(u)is predicted by interpolation on the basis of values of decoded pixelsof candidate predictor blocks which are situated in one or morepreviously processed and stored images.

In accordance with the invention, in the case of the “Intra Block Copy”prediction technique, the current block B_(u) is predicted byinterpolation on the basis of values of decoded pixels of candidatepredictor blocks which are situated in the second zone Z2 of the currentimage IC_(j).

On completion of the prediction step C6 a), an optimal predictor blockBP_(opt) is obtained subsequent to a setting into competition of saidpredetermined prediction techniques, according to a predetermined codingperformance criterion, for example by minimizing a distortion bitratecriterion well known to the person skilled in the art. The blockBP_(opt) is considered to be an approximation of the current blockB_(u). The information relating to this prediction is intended to bewritten, in the form of syntax elements, into a data signal or stream tobe transmitted to a decoder.

In accordance with the invention:

-   -   in the case where the block BP_(opt) has been obtained by “Intra        Block Copy” prediction, there is undertaken at C100 a) the        coding of a syntax element ibc_flag by the coding device MC_C of        FIG. 2. The syntax element ibc_flag is for example coded to the        value 1. Other syntax elements indicate the location of the        predictor block BP_(opt) stored in the second zone Z2 of the        current image IC_(j): it entails for example a motion vector        which points at the predictor block BP_(opt), the coordinates of        the first pixel at the top left of the predictor block BP_(opt),        etc . . . ;        -   in the case where the block BP_(opt) has not been obtained            by “Intra Block Copy” prediction, the syntax element            ibc_flag is moreover coded to the value 0.

There is thereafter undertaken at C7 a) the comparison of the datarelating to the current block B_(u) with the data of the predictor blockBP_(opt). Such a comparison consists in calculating the differencebetween the predictor block obtained BP_(opt) and the current blockB_(u).

A data set, called residual block Br_(u), is then obtained.

The operations C6 a) and C7 a) are implemented by a predictive codingdevice PRED_C represented in FIG. 2, which device is driven by theprocessor PROC_C.

With reference again to FIG. 1, the data of the current residual blockBr_(u) are coded at C8 a).

According to a nonlimiting exemplary embodiment, such a coding C8 a)implements the application C81 a) of a transform to the pixels of thecurrent residual block Br_(u).

In a manner known per se, as a function of the context or of the codingstandard used, such a transform is for example a transform of DCT(English abbreviation of “Discrete Cosine Transform”), DST (Englishabbreviation of “Discrete Sine Transform”) type, of DWT (Englishabbreviation of “Discrete Wavelet Transform”) type or else of LT(English abbreviation of “Lapped Transform”) type. These transforms arestored previously in a list LTS, in the buffer memory MT_C of the coderCO of FIG. 2.

On completion of the application of this transform, a currenttransformed data block Btu is obtained.

Such an operation is performed by a transform calculation device MTR_C,such as represented in FIG. 2, which device is driven by the processorPROC_C.

The coding C8 a) furthermore implements a quantization C82 a) of thedata of the transformed block Btu according to a conventionalquantization operation, such as for example a scalar or vectorquantization. A block Bq_(u) of quantized coefficients is then obtained.

The quantization C82 a) is implemented by a quantization device MQ_Csuch as represented in FIG. 2, which device is driven by the processorPROC_C.

The transform calculation device MTR_C and the quantization device MQ_Care contained in a device for coding blocks MCB_C which is representedin FIG. 2, which device is driven by the processor PROC_C.

The coding C8 a) furthermore implements a coding C83 a) of the data ofthe block Bq_(u) of quantized coefficients. The coding C83 a) isimplemented by the coding device MC_C of FIG. 2. A set of coded dataDC_(u) of the current block B_(u) is obtained on completion of thecoding C83 a).

With reference to FIG. 1, there is undertaken at C9 a) the constructionof a portion of a data signal F, said portion containing in particularaccording to the invention:

-   -   the coded data DC_(u) obtained at C8 a),    -   the value 0/1 of the syntax element ibc_flag,    -   optionally the value 0/1 of the first syntax element        activate_ibc, if the latter is coded at the image level,    -   optionally the value 0/1 of the second syntax element fp_type,        if the latter is coded at the image level.

The construction of the signal portion F is implemented by a data signalconstruction device MCF, such as represented in FIG. 2.

If on completion of the location C5, the current block B_(u) belongs tothe second zone Z2 of the image IC_(j) and if the first syntax elementactivate_ibc has the value 1, there is undertaken at C6 b) theprediction of the current block B_(u) by conventional, such as forexample Intra and/or Inter, prediction techniques. To this effect, theblock B_(u) is predicted with respect to at least one predictor block inaccordance with a prediction mode belonging to one of the conventionalprediction techniques which have just been mentioned.

On completion of prediction step C6 b), an optimal predictor blockBP_(opt) is obtained subsequent to a setting into competition of saidpredetermined conventional prediction techniques, according to apredetermined coding performance criterion, for example by minimizationof the distortion bitrate criterion. The block BP_(opt) is considered tobe an approximation of the current block B_(u). The information relatingto this prediction is intended to be written, in the form of syntaxelements, into a data signal or stream to be transmitted to a decoder.

At C7 b) a calculation of the difference between the predictor blockobtained BP_(opt) and the current block B_(u) is implementedconventionally.

A data set, called residual block Br_(u), is then obtained.

A coding C8 b) of the residual block Br_(u) is implemented and comprisesoperations C81 b), C82 b) and C83 b) which are respectively identical tothe aforementioned operations C81 a), C82 a) and C83 a) and which forthis reason, are not described again here.

On completion of the coding C83 b), a set of coded data DC_(u) of thecurrent block B_(u) is obtained.

With reference to FIG. 1, there is undertaken at C9 b) the constructionof a portion of the data signal F, said portion containing the codeddata DC_(u) obtained at C8 b) and information relating to the predictionof the current block used. It should be noted that the portion of thesignal F does not contain the value 0 or 1 of the syntax elementibc_flag, the “Intra Block Copy” prediction not having been set intocompetition during the coding of the current block of the second zoneZ2. The stream F contains:

-   -   optionally the value 0/1 of the first syntax element        activate_ibc, if the latter is coded at the image level,    -   optionally the value 0/1 of the second syntax element fp_type,        if the latter is coded at the image level

In accordance with the invention, if first syntax element activate_ibchas the value 1, there is undertaken at C100 b) the calculation of adecoded version BD_(u) of the current block B_(u) on the basis of thecoded data set DC_(u) obtained on completion of the coding C8 b). Such adecoded version corresponds to the decoded block obtained on completionof the method, which will be described further on in the description,for decoding the image IC_(j).

The calculation C100 b) is implemented by a calculation device CAL2_Csuch as represented in FIG. 2, which device is driven by the processorPROC_C.

The decoded version BD_(u) of the current block B_(u) is stored at C101b) in a space ES of the buffer memory MT_C of the coder CO of FIG. 2 soas to be used by the coder CO to predict the following blocks of thecurrent image IC_(j) or of another image.

The calculation C100 b) and the storage C101 b) are implemented eitherbefore the construction C9 b) of the signal portion F, or after.

In a manner known per se, irrespective of the construction C9 a) or C9b) of signal portion F implemented, the signal portion F can furthermorecomprise certain information encoded by the coder CO, such as forexample:

-   -   the Inter and/or Intra prediction type if the current block        B_(u) has been inter- and/or intra-predicted, and if relevant,        the prediction mode selected, the index of the predictor block        obtained,    -   the type of partitioning of the current block B_(u) if the        latter has been partitioned,    -   the type of transform applied to the data of the current block        B_(u),    -   etc. . . . .

The data signal F is thereafter transmitted by a communication network(not represented) to a remote terminal. The latter comprises the decoderDO represented in FIG. 7.

The coding operations C1 to C100 a) or else C1 to C101 b) which havejust been described hereinabove are thereafter implemented for each ofthe blocks B₁, B₂, . . . , B_(u), . . . , B_(S) to be coded of thecurrent image IC_(j) considered, in a differentiated manner depending onwhether the current block is situated in the first zone Z1 or the secondzone Z2 of the current image IC_(j).

Detailed Description of the Decoding Part

An embodiment of the invention will now be described, in which thedecoding method according to the invention is used to decode a datasignal or stream representative of an image or of a sequence of imageswhich is able to be decoded by a decoder complying with any one of thecurrent or forthcoming video decoding standards.

In this embodiment, the decoding method according to the invention isfor example implemented in a software or hardware manner bymodifications of such a decoder.

The decoding method according to the invention is represented in theform of an algorithm comprising operations D1 to D11 a) or D1 to D100 b)such as represented in FIG. 4.

According to this embodiment, the decoding method according to theinvention is implemented in a decoding device or decoder DO representedin FIG. 5.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, according to this embodiment of the invention,the decoder DO comprises a memory MEM_D which itself comprises a buffermemory MT_D, a processor PROC_D driven by a computer program PG_D whichimplements the decoding method according to the invention. Oninitialization, the code instructions of the computer program PG_D arefor example loaded into a RAM memory denoted RAM_D, before beingexecuted by the processor PROC_D.

The decoding method represented in FIG. 4 applies to any coded currentimage IC_(j) which is fixed or else which forms part of a sequence of Limages IC₁, . . . , IC_(j), . . . , IC_(L) (1≤j≤L) to be decoded.

The current image IC_(j) to be decoded arises from at least one videosequence comprising, by way of non-exhaustive examples:

-   -   images arising from one and the same camera and following one        another temporally (coding/decoding of 2D type),    -   images arising from various cameras oriented according to        different views (coding/decoding of 3D type),    -   corresponding texture components and depth components, that is        to say which are representative of one and the same scene        (coding/decoding of 3D type),    -   images obtained by projection of a 360° video,    -   images obtained by projection of a stereo video and each        comprising two views representative of one and the same scene,        which are intended to be looked at respectively through the left        eye and the right eye of the user,    -   non-natural images of the “screen Content” type, such as for        example the images obtained by screen video capture,    -   etc. . . . .

At D1, there is undertaken the reading, in the data signal F, of thecoded value 0 or 1 of the first syntax element activate_ibc which isassociated with a characteristic of the current image IC_(j) to bedecoded, in the case where this syntax element has been coded at thelevel of the current image IC_(j). As the identification D1 is optional,it is represented dashed in FIG. 4.

At D2, there is undertaken the reading, in the data signal F, of thecoded value 0 or 1 of the second syntax element fp_type which isassociated with a characteristic of the current image IC_(j) to bedecoded, in the case where this syntax element has been coded at thelevel of the current image IC_(j). As the identification D2 is optional,it is represented dashed in FIG. 4.

According to a preferred embodiment, the syntax element fp_type which isread takes for example:

-   -   the value 01 to indicate that the zones Z1 and Z2 are arranged        as represented in FIG. 3A,    -   the value 10 to indicate that the zones Z1 and Z2 are arranged        as represented in FIG. 3B,    -   the value 11 to indicate that the zones Z1 and Z2 are arranged        as represented in FIG. 3C.

The identifications D1 and D2 are implemented by a stream analysisdevice PARS_D, such as represented in FIG. 5, said device being drivenby the processor PROC_D.

In case of identification, at D3, the coded value 0 or 1 taken by thefirst syntax element activate_ibc and/or one of the values 01, 10, 11taken by the second syntax element fp_type are decoded.

Such a decoding D3 is implemented by a decoding device MD_D representedin FIG. 5, which device is driven by the processor PROC_D.

The decoding is for example an entropy decoding of CABAC type or else anentropy decoding of arithmetic or Huffman type.

With reference to FIG. 4, there is undertaken at D4 the identification,in the signal F, of the coded data DC₁, DC₂, . . . , DC_(u), . . . ,DC_(S) (1≤u≤S) associated respectively with the blocks B₁, B₂, . . . ,B_(u), . . . , B_(S) coded previously in accordance with theaforementioned lexicographic order, which have been obtained oncompletion of the coding operation C8 a) or C8 b) of FIG. 1. Thissignifies that the blocks are decoded one after another, from left toright, in a corresponding manner to the order of coding mentioned above.

Such an identification D4 is implemented by the stream analysis devicePARS_D of FIG. 4.

Other types of traversal than that which has just been describedhereinabove are of course possible and depend on the order of traversalchosen on coding.

According to an example, the blocks B₁, B₂, . . . , B_(u), . . . , B_(S)have a square shape and all contain K pixels, with K≥1. By way ofnon-exhaustive example, the blocks have a size of 64×64 pixels and/or32×32 and/or 16×16 and/or 8×8 pixels.

As a function of the size of the image which is not necessarily amultiple of the size of the blocks, the last blocks on the left and thelast blocks at the bottom might not be square. In an alternativeembodiment, the blocks may be for example of rectangular size and/or notaligned with one another.

With reference to FIG. 4, at D5, the decoder DO of FIG. 5 selects ascurrent block to be decoded a current set of coded data DC_(u) of theimage IC_(j), which set is associated with a block B_(u) to be decoded.

At D6, there is undertaken the location of the current block B_(u) to bedecoded of the image IC_(j), for example by determining its coordinateswith respect to the first reconstructed pixel of the image IC_(j), whichpixel is situated at the top left of the latter and has coordinates(0,0).

The location D6 is implemented by a calculation device CAL_D such asrepresented in FIG. 5, which device is driven by the processor PROC_D.

If the current block B_(u) belongs to the first zone Z1 of the imageIC_(j), and if the first syntax element activate_ibc decoded at D1 hasthe value 1, there is undertaken at D7 a) the reading, in the datasignal F, of the syntax element ibc_flag, by means of the streamanalysis device PARS_D of FIG. 5, and of its decoding, by means of thedecoding device MD_D.

According to the invention, if the first syntax element activate_ibcdecoded at D1 or else previously has the value 1, there is undertaken atD6 a) the reading in the data signal F of the syntax element ibc_flag,by means of the stream analysis device PARS_D of FIG. 5, and of itsdecoding, by means of the decoding device MD_D.

In accordance with the invention:

-   -   if the syntax element ibc_flag has the value 1, there is        implemented at D8 a) a determination of the predictor block        BP_(opt) serving in the prediction of the “Intra Block Copy”        type for the block B_(u) to be decoded, the location of the        predictor block BP_(opt) stored in the second zone of the image        IC_(j) being identified by syntax elements which are decoded in        the data signal F: such syntax elements are for example a motion        vector which points at the predictor block BP_(opt), the        coordinates of the first pixel at the top left of the predictor        block BP_(opt), etc . . . ;    -   if the syntax element ibc_flag has the value 0, there is        implemented at D8 a) a determination of the predictor block        BP_(opt) serving in the prediction of the current block B_(u)        which is different from the prediction of the “Intra Block Copy”        type. It may entail for example an intra or inter conventional        prediction on completion of which a predictor block BP_(opt)        associated with an indicator previously read in the data signal        F is obtained.

With reference to FIG. 4, the coded data DC_(u) of the current blockB_(u) are decoded at D9 a). Such a decoding is implemented by a devicefor decoding blocks MDB_D which is represented in FIG. 5, which deviceis driven by the processor PROC_D.

The decoding D9 a) implements, at D91 a), a decoding of the data DC_(u)associated with the current block B_(u) to be decoded and which havebeen coded at C8 a) in FIG. 1. On completion of such a decoding, a setof numerical information is obtained, the latter being associated withthe block of quantized coefficients Bq_(u) which was obtained at C82 a)in FIG. 1.

The decoding D91 a) is implemented by the decoding device MD_Drepresented in FIG. 5.

The decoding D9 a) furthermore implements a dequantization D92 a) of theblock of quantized coefficients Bq_(u), according to a conventionaldequantization operation which is the operation inverse to thequantization C82 a) of FIG. 1. A current set of dequantized coefficientsBDq_(u) is then obtained. Such a dequantization is for example of scalaror vector type and is implemented by means of an inverse quantizationdevice MQ⁻¹_D, such as represented in FIG. 1, which device is driven bythe processor PROC_D.

The decoding D9 a) furthermore implements the application D93 a) of atransform to the current set of dequantized coefficients BDq_(u)obtained at D92 a). In a manner known per se, such a transform is atransform inverse to that applied to the coding at C81 a) in FIG. 1,such as for example a DCT, DST, DWT, LT or other transform. In acorresponding manner to the coder CO of FIG. 2, these transforms formpart of a list of transforms LTS⁻¹ which is stored previously in thebuffer memory MT_D of the decoder DO of FIG. 5. The type of transform tobe applied can be determined at the decoder conventionally, by reading,in the data signal F, the index of the transform applied to the coding.

The transform application D93 a) is performed by a transform calculationdevice MTR⁻¹_D, such as represented in FIG. 5, which device is driven bythe processor PROC_D.

The inverse quantization device MQ⁻¹_D and the transform calculationdevice MTR⁻¹_D are contained in a device for decoding blocks MDB_D whichis represented in FIG. 5, which device is driven by the processorPROC_D.

A current decoded residual block BDr_(u) is obtained on completion ofthe decoding D9 a) of the data of the current block.

With reference to FIG. 4, at D10 a), the current decoded residual blockBDr_(u) is added to the predictor block BP_(opt) located at D6 a).

The operation D10 a) is implemented by a predictive decoding devicePRED_D represented in FIG. 5, which device is driven by the processorPROC_D.

With reference to FIG. 4, there is undertaken at D11 a) the writing ofthe current decoded block BD_(u) in a decoded image ID_(j).

The writing D11 a) is implemented by an image reconstruction device URIsuch as represented in FIG. 5, the device URI being driven by theprocessor PROC_D.

On completion of the location D6 of FIG. 4, if the current block B_(u)to be decoded belongs to the second zone Z2 of the image IC_(j), thereis undertaken at D7 b):

-   -   the reading in the data signal F, by means of the stream        analysis device PARS_D of FIG. 5, of information relating to the        conventional prediction C6 b) implemented on coding,    -   and of the decoding of this information, by means of the        decoding device MD_D.

With reference to FIG. 4, there is implemented at D8 b) a determinationof the predictor block BP_(opt) serving in the prediction of the currentblock B_(u) which is different from the prediction of the “Intra BlockCopy” type. It may entail for example an intra or inter conventionalprediction on completion of which is obtained a predictor block BP_(opt)associated with the information which is read at C6 b) in the datasignal F, and is then decoded.

With reference to FIG. 4, the coded data DC_(u) of the current blockB_(u) are decoded at D9 b) by the device for decoding blocks MDB_D ofFIG. 5.

The decoding D9 b) comprises operations D91 b), D92 b) and D93 b) whichare respectively identical to the aforementioned operations D91 a), D92a) and D93 a) and, which for this reason, are not described again here.

On completion of the decoding D9 b) of the data of the current block, acurrent decoded residual block BDr_(u) is obtained.

With reference to FIG. 4, at D10 b), the predictive decoding devicePRED_D of FIG. 5 adds the current decoded residual block BDr_(u) to thepredictor block BP_(opt) located at D6.

With reference to FIG. 4, there is undertaken at D11 b) the writing ofthe current decoded block BD_(u) in a decoded image ID_(j).

In accordance with the invention, if first syntax element activate_ibchas the value 1, with reference to FIG. 4, there is undertaken at D100b) the storage of the current decoded block BD_(u) in a space ES of thebuffer memory MT_D of the decoder DO of FIG. 5 so as to be used by thedecoder DO to predict the following blocks of the current image IC_(j)to be decoded or of another image.

The storage D100 b) is implemented either before the operation ofwriting D11 b) the current decoded block in the decoded image ID_(j), orafter.

The decoding method which has just been described hereinabove isimplemented for all the coded data of blocks DC₁, DC₂, . . . , DC_(u), .. . , DC_(S) wherein said data are associated respectively with theblocks B₁, B₂, . . . , B_(u), . . . , B_(S) to be decoded of the currentimage IC_(j) considered and in a differentiated manner depending onwhether the coded data are associated with a block situated in the firstzone or the second zone of the current image IC_(j) to be decoded.

It goes without saying that the embodiments which have been describedhereinabove have been given purely by way of wholly non-limitingindication, and that numerous modifications can easily be made by theperson skilled in the art without however departing from the scope ofthe invention.

1. A coding method comprising: coding a current image split up intoblocks, said current image containing at least two distinct first andsecond zones of blocks which do not overlap and are defined previouslyto the coding of any block of said current image, wherein said currentimage has been obtained by projection of a 360° video and wherein saidcoding comprises the following acts performed by a coding device: codinga current block of said first zone, by: predicting the current block byusing a previously coded and then decoded block situated in said secondzone, and coding an item of information which indicates if a mode ofprediction Intra Block Copy has been used or not to predict the currentblock: decoding the coded current block of the first zone; and storingdata of the decoded current block as a function of the item ofinformation that has been coded.
 2. The coding method as claimed inclaim 1, comprising coding at least one item of location information inrespect of the previously coded and then decoded block.
 3. The codingmethod as claimed in claim 1, implementing coding an item ofidentification information in respect of each of the at least two zonesof the current image.
 4. A coding device comprising: a processingcircuit which is designed to code a current image split up into blocks,said current image containing at least two distinct first and secondzones of blocks which do not overlap and are defined previously to thecoding of any block of said current image, wherein said current imagehas been obtained by projection of a 360° video and wherein theprocessing circuit codes the current image by: coding a current block ofsaid first zone, by: predicting the current block by using a previouslycoded and then decoded block situated in said second zone, and coding anitem of information which indicates if a mode of prediction Intra BlockCopy has been used or not to predict the current block; decoding thecoded current block of the first zone; and storing data of the decodedcurrent block as a function of the item of information that has beencoded.
 5. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on whichis recorded a computer program comprising program code instructionswhich when executed by a processor of a coding device configure thecoding device to: code a current image split up into blocks, saidcurrent image containing at least two distinct first and second zones ofblocks which do not overlap and are defined previously to the coding ofany block of said current image, wherein said current image has beenobtained by projection of a 360° video and wherein the coding comprises:code a current block of said first zone, by: predicting the currentblock by using a previously coded and then decoded block situated insaid second zone, and coding an item of information which indicates if amode of prediction Intra Block Copy has been used or not to predict thecurrent block; decode the coded current block of the first zone; andstore data of the decoded current block as a function of the item ofinformation that has been coded.
 6. A decoding method comprising:decoding a data signal representative of a current image split up intoblocks which has been coded, said at least one current image containingat least two distinct first and second zones of blocks which do notoverlap and are defined previously to the decoding of any coded block ofsaid data signal, wherein said current image has been obtained byprojection of a 360° video and wherein said decoding comprises thefollowing acts performed by a decoding device: decoding a current blockof said first zone, by: reading in the data signal an item ofinformation which indicates if a mode of prediction Intra Block Copy isto be used or not to predict the current block, the current block beingintended to be predicted by using a previously decoded block, situatedin said second zone, and decoding the current block by using aprediction indicated by said read item of information; and storing dataof the decoded current block as a function of the item of informationthat has been read.
 7. The decoding method as claimed in claim 6,comprising reading, in the data signal, at least one item of locationinformation in respect of the previously coded and then decoded block.8. The decoding method as claimed in claim 6, in which each of the zonesof the current image is identified by reading a corresponding item ofidentification information read in the data signal.
 9. A decoding devicecomprising: a processing circuit which is designed to decode a datasignal representative of a current image split up into blocks which hasbeen coded, said current image containing at least two distinct firstand second zones of blocks which do not overlap and are definedpreviously to the decoding of any block of said data signal, whereinsaid current image has been obtained by projection of a 360° video andwherein the processing circuit decodes the data signal by: decoding acurrent block of said first zone, by: reading in the data signal an itemof information which indicates if a mode of prediction Intra Block Copyis to be used or not to predict the current block, the current blockbeing intended to be predicted by using a previously decoded block,situated in said second zone, and decoding the current block by using aprediction indicated by said read item of information; and storing dataof the decoded current block as a function of the item of informationthat has been read.
 10. A non-transitory computer-readable recordingmedium on which is recorded a computer program comprising program codeinstructions which when executed by a processor of a decoding deviceconfigure the decoding device to: decode a data signal representative ofa current image split up into blocks which has been coded, said currentimage containing at least two distinct first and second zones of blockswhich do not overlap and are defined previously to the decoding of anyblock of the data signal, wherein said current image has been obtainedby projection of a 360° video and wherein the decoding comprises: decodea current block of said first zone, by: reading in the data signal anitem of information which indicates if a mode of prediction Intra BlockCopy is to be used or not to predict to predict the current block, thecurrent block being intended to be predicted by using a previouslydecoded block, situated in said second zone, and decoding the currentblock by using a prediction indicated by said read item of information;and store data of the decoded block as a function of the item ofinformation that has been read.